Writer use coordinators (also called coordinating conjunctions to stack elements of a sentence. These coordinators indicate that the elements have the same syntactic role, meaning that they are on an equal level.
The three main coordinators are
Notice that each coordinator signals a specific relationship.
And → addition
But →
contrast
Or → alternative
They may imply the same sequence of uplift, erosion, and subsidence, or they may reflect a fall and rise of global sea level. (ACAD)